26 research outputs found
Study of Colloidal Stability and Viscosity of Concentrated Aqueous Silicasols
ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ (ΠΎΡ 1 Π΄ΠΎ 50 ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ.%) ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ (ΠΎΡ 10
Π΄ΠΎ 35 Π½ΠΌ). ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π», ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»ΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²
Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌ
Π² ΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ
Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° Π½Π°Π½ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ.
ΠΠ° ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΌΠΏΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡA study of the colloidal stability of nanosuspensions obtained by diluting concentrated silicasols was carried out. A wide range of mass concentrations of nanoparticles (from 1 to 50 wt.%) and average sizes of primary particles (from 10 to 35 nm) were considered. The analysis of sedimentation experiments showed that the considered samples have a very high colloidal stability. The characterization of the nanoparticle sizes by electron microscopy was carried out. The particle size distributions in the suspension were obtained by acoustic spectroscopy. Almost all of the considered silica sols have been shown to have a very narrow particle size distribution. The dependences of the dynamic viscosity of nanosuspensions on the concentration and size of nanoparticles are obtained. Based on the dependences, empirical correlations in a wide range of particle concentrations were obtaine
Physicochemical properties of chitin isolated from shell of industrial crabs of various species
Differential thermal analysis was carried out over the range of β190 Γ· 400 Β°Π‘ on six samples of chitin from shells of industrial crabs of various species. All samples of the chitin have several relaxation transitions of endothermal character (g1-, g2-, Ξ²- and Ξ³-)
Reactivity and Chemical Sintering of Carey Lea Silver Nanoparticles
Carey Lea silver hydrosol is a rare example of very concentrated colloidal solutions produced with citrate as only protective ligands, and prospective for a wide range of applications, whose properties have been insufficiently studied up to now. Herein, the reactivity of the immobilized silver nanoparticles toward oxidation, sulfidation, and sintering upon their interaction with hydrogen peroxide, sulfide ions, and chlorocomplexes of Au(III), Pd(II), and Pt(IV) was investigated using SEM and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The reactions decreased the number of carboxylic groups of the citrate-derived capping and promoted coalescence of 7 nm Ag NPs into about 40 nm ones, excluding the interaction with hydrogen peroxide. The increased nanoparticles form loose submicrometer aggregates in the case of sulfide treatment, raspberry-like micrometer porous particles in the media containing Pd(II) chloride, and densely sintered particles in the reaction with inert H2PtCl6 complexes, probably via the formation of surface Ag-Pt alloys. The exposure of Ag NPs to HAuCl4 solution produced compact Ag films along with nanocrystals of Au metal and minor Ag and AgCl. The results are promising for chemical ambient temperature sintering and rendering silver-based nanomaterials, for example, for flexible electronics, catalysis, and other applications
Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΎΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠ° Π² Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Ρ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΡ
The article was prepared based on the materials of the report at the first All-Russian scientific
conference with international participation "YENISEI PHOTONICS β 2020".
Photonic crystals are structures that have a spatial architecture with a periodically changing complex
dielectric function at scales comparable to the wavelengths of light in the visible frequency range. The
purpose of this study is to obtain three-dimensional photonic crystals by self-assembly from submicron
spherical monodisperse particles of polymethylmethacrylate in dispersion media with different viscositiesΠ€ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»Ρ β ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π°ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±Π°Ρ
, ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΌΡΡ
Ρ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ»Π½ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡ. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΡΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ±ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠ° Π² Π΄ΠΈΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Ρ
Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ
Π’Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈ-3-Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ±ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ
Biodegradable poly-3-hydroxybutyrate [P(3HB)] and birch wood flour (as filler) were used to prepare powdered blends and then pellets and granules. Pellets were produced by cold pressing of polymer and filler powders; granules were produced from the powders wetted with ethanol. The properties of the initial P(3HB) and filler and the blends thereof were studied using IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray analysis, and electron microscopy. No chemical bonds between the components were revealed; the blends were physical mixtures. The degree of crystallinity of the blends was lower than that of the initial polymer, suggesting different crystallization kinetics of the blends. The introduction of increasing amounts of filler into the polymer progressively decreased the mechanical strength of the pellets, as confirmed by a decrease in Youngβs modulus. The resulting composite, based on biodegradable polymers and wood flour, is a promising nontoxic material for the production of wood-based panels for the construction industry and the manufacture of furniture in place of materials produced using toxic polyester resinsΠΠΈΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈ-3-Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ±ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ [P(3HB)] ΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΊΠΈ (Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ) ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌ Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ» ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π±Π»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ. Π’Π°Π±Π»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΠΌ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ, Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»Ρ β ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ²Π»Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ. Π‘Π²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°, Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΠ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ, Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ. Π₯ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ, ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ. Π‘ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π»Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ. Π£Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠΊ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π½Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° Π΄ΡΠ΅Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π±Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠ·Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠΎ
Biodegradable Polyhydroxyalkanoates Formed by 3- and 4-Hydroxybutyrate Monomers to Produce Nanomembranes Suitable for Drug Delivery and Cell Culture
Biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates, biopolymers of microbiological origin, formed by 3- and 4-hydroxybutyrate monomers P(3HB-co-4HB), were used to obtain nanomembranes loaded with drugs as cell carriers by electrospinning. Resorbable non-woven membranes from P(3HB-co-4HB) loaded with ceftazidime, doripinem, and actovegin have been obtained. The loading of membranes with drugs differently affected the size of fibers and the structure of membranes, and in all cases increased the hydrophilicity of the surface. The release of drugs in vitro was gradual, which corresponded to the Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas models. Antibiotic-loaded membranes showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli, in which growth inhibition zones were 41.7 Β± 1.1 and 38.6 Β± 1.7 mm for ceftazidime and doripinem, respectively. The study of the biological activity of membranes in the NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblast culture based on the results of DAPI and FITC staining of cells, as well as the MTT test, did not reveal a negative effect despite the presence of antibiotics in them. Samples containing actovegin exhibit a stimulating effect on fibroblasts. Biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates formed by 3-hydroxybutyrate and 4-hydroxybutyrate monomers provide electrospinning non-woven membranes suitable for long-term delivery of drugs and cultivation of eukaryotic cells, and are promising for the treatment of wound defects complicated by infection
Laser Processing of Polymer Films Fabricated from PHAs Differing in Their Monomer Composition
The study reports results of using a CO2-laser in continuous wave (3 W; 2 m/s) and quasi-pulsed (13.5 W; 1 m/s) modes to treat films prepared by solvent casting technique from four types of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), namely poly-3-hydroxybutyrate and three copolymers of 3-hydroxybutyrate: with 4-hydroxybutyrate, 3-hydroxyvalerate, and 3-hydroxyhexanoate (each second monomer constituting about 30 mol.%). The PHAs differed in their thermal and molecular weight properties and degree of crystallinity. Pristine films differed in porosity, hydrophilicity, and roughness parameters. The two modes of laser treatment altered these parameters and biocompatibility in diverse ways. Films of P(3HB) had water contact angle and surface energy of 92Β° and 30.8 mN/m, respectively, and average roughness of 144 nm. The water contact angle of copolymer films decreased to 80β56Β° and surface energy and roughness increased to 41β57 mN/m and 172β290 nm, respectively. Treatment in either mode resulted in different modifications of the films, depending on their composition and irradiation mode. Laser-treated P(3HB) films exhibited a decrease in water contact angle, which was more considerable after the treatment in the quasi-pulsed mode. Roughness parameters were changed by the treatment in both modes. Continuous wave line-by-line irradiation caused formation of sintered grooves on the film surface, which exhibited some change in water contact angle (76β80Β°) and reduced roughness parameters (to 40β45 mN/m) for most films. Treatment in the quasi-pulsed raster mode resulted in the formation of pits with no pronounced sintered regions on the film surface, a more considerably decreased water contact angle (to 67β76Β°), and increased roughness of most specimens. Colorimetric assay for assessing cell metabolic activity (MTT) in NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblast culture showed that the number of fibroblasts on the films treated in the continuous wave mode was somewhat lower; treatment in quasi-pulsed radiation mode caused an increase in the number of viable cells by a factor of 1.26 to 1.76, depending on PHA composition. This is an important result, offering an opportunity of targeted surface modification of PHA products aimed at preventing or facilitating cell attachment
Production and Properties of Microbial Polyhydroxyalkanoates Synthesized from Hydrolysates of Jerusalem Artichoke Tubers and Vegetative Biomass
One of the major challenges in PHA biotechnology is optimization of biotechnological processes of the entire synthesis, mainly by using new inexpensive carbon substrates. A promising substrate for PHA synthesis may be the sugars extracted from the Jerusalem artichoke. In the present study, hydrolysates of Jerusalem artichoke (JA) tubers and vegetative biomass were produced and used as carbon substrate for PHA synthesis. The hydrolysis procedure (the combination of aqueous extraction and acid hydrolysis, process temperature and duration) influenced the content of reducing substances (RS), monosaccharide contents, and the fructose/glucose ratio. All types of hydrolysates tested as substrates for cultivation of three strains—C. necator B-10646 and R. eutropha B 5786 and B 8562—were suitable for PHA synthesis, producing different biomass concentrations and polymer contents. The most productive process, conducted in 12-L fermenters, was achieved on hydrolysates of JA tubers (X = 66.9 g/L, 82% PHA) and vegetative biomass (55.1 g/L and 62% PHA) produced by aqueous extraction of sugars at 80 °C followed by acid hydrolysis at 60 °C, using the most productive strain, C. necator B-10646. The effects of JA hydrolysates on physicochemical properties of PHAs were studied for the first time. P(3HB) specimens synthesized from the JA hydrolysates, regardless of the source (tubers or vegetative biomass), hydrolysis conditions, and PHA producing strain employed, exhibited the 100–120 °C difference between the Tmelt and Tdegr, prevailing of the crystalline phase over the amorphous one (Cx between 69 and 75%), and variations in weight average molecular weight (409–480) kDa. Supplementation of the culture medium of C. necator B-10646 grown on JA hydrolysates with potassium valerate and ε-caprolactone resulted in the synthesis of P(3HB-co-3HV) and P(3HB-co-4HB) copolymers that had decreased degrees of crystallinity and molecular weights, which influenced the porosity and surface roughness of polymer films prepared from them. The study shows that JA hydrolysates used as carbon source enabled productive synthesis of PHAs, comparable to synthesis from pure sugars. The next step is to scale up PHA synthesis from JA hydrolysates and conduct the feasibility study. The present study contributes to the solution of the critical problem of PHA biotechnology—finding widely available and inexpensive substrates